COSMO result files¶

Step 1: Start ADFinput¶

For this tutorial we prefer to work in a separate directory, for example a directory called Tutorial, as was explained in the Getting started Tutorial.

Start ADFjobs (in your home directory), and move to the Tutorial directory:

Start adfjobs

Click on the Tutorial folder icon

Next start ADFinput using the SCM menu.

Select the SCM → New input menu command.

Step 2: Create the molecule¶

First we construct a water molecule, and preoptimize its geometry:

Select the O-tool by clicking on the button with the ‘O’

Click somewhere in the drawing area to create an oxygen atom

Select the select-tool by clicking on the button with the arrow

Click once in empty space so nothing is selected

Select Atoms → Add Hydrogen

Click the optimizer button

Your water molecule should look something like this:

Step 3: ADF COSMO result file¶

The next step is to optimize the gas geometry using ADF, and perform the ADF COSMO calculation at the optimized gas phase geometry, using a so called Preset ‘COSMO-RS Compound’. Note that the Presets are now at a different location than in ADF2016.

Select File → Preset → COSMO-RS Compound

For your information, the proper settings for the gas phase geometry optimization are: the Becke Perdew exchange correlation functional (GGA:BP86), use of the scalar relativistic ZORA Hamiltonian, a TZP small core basis set (for Iodine a TZ2P small core basis set), and an integration accuracy with a good quality. Like for Iodine for heavier elements than Krypton, a TZ2P small core basis set is recommended. Note that these settings were used for the optimization of the COSMO-RS parameters.

With the proper options selected, now run ADF:

Select File → Run

In the file select box, choose a name for your file (for example ‘water’)

and click ‘Save’

Now ADF will start automatically, and you can follow the calculation: ADFjobs will show the progress of the calculation with the last few lines of the logfile.

Wait until the optimization and ADF-COSMO calculation are ready (should take very little time)

Click ‘Yes’ in the pop-up to read the coordinates from a .t21 file.

Now the geometry of the water molecule is the optimized one, and the ADF COSMO calculation has been performed. The result file water.coskf, which is an ADF COSMO result file, can be used as input for a COSMO-RS calculation.

Note that a .coskf file is not a complete .t21 file. For example, if one has such a .coskf file, only the COSMO surface charge density can be viewed with ADFview. Thus a .coskf file is mostly useful for COSMO-RS calculations.

If you do not want to optimize the geometry, set 1 to the number of geometry iterations in Details → Geometry Convergence. More details on parameters used in the COSMO calculation can be found in Model → Solvation, and Details → COSMO. See also the COSMO-RS manual.

Step 4: Lowest Conformer¶

The ADF-GUI does have some basic support for handling conformers. This includes the generation of conformers and the refinement of conformers using different theoretical methods, see the ADF-GUI tutorial on Conformers for more details. In the step in this tutorial that does a refinement of the structures of the conformers one can use ADF with the Preset ‘COSMO-RS Compound’. Next one can select the conformer with the lowest energy to be used as an ADF COSMO result file.

Note that this step does not involve a calculation, but only shows one way to find the lowest conformer.

Step 5: Polymers¶

The ADF-GUI supports the making of a polymer. However, the calculation of a full polymer is very expensive. Instead of this very expensive calculation, here an “average monomer” COSMO result file is calculated. The full polymer result could then be calculated by multiplying the “average monomer” result by a factor equal to the number of repeat units in the polymer.

In practice a trimer is calculated from 3 units of the monomer, in which the trimer is capped with 2 methyl groups. Next an ADF COSMO result file is generated, in which only the COSMO charges of the center monomer will be used in the COSMO-RS calculations.

Select the SCM → New input menu command.

Select Edit → Polymer...

Click the Add monomer: search box

Enter ‘styrene’ (without quotes)

Select ‘styrene’ from the pull-down menu

This will create a Polystyrene monomer. The 2 dummy atoms will later be replaced with 2 other monomers to form a Polystyrene trimer.

Next we will not use the Polymer builder window, but instead use a specialzed button that generates a trimer, adds 2 methyls as capping groups, and selects the center monomer atoms as so called ‘COSKF atoms’.

Click the Close button at the bottom of the Polymer builder window

Select Model → Solvation

Click the ‘COSKF trimer:’ Generate button

Select File → Preset → COSMO-RS Compound

If one would select File → Run an “average monomer” COSMO result file would be created, which an be used for polymer calculations. The calculation can take up quite some time, therefor we skip this part in this step.

Step 6: MOPAC COSMO result file¶

MOPAC is a faster method than ADF for the generation of COSMO result files. However, we recommend to use the Fast Sigma method described in the next step if you want get an estimate of a COSMO result file very quickly and which has a better quality.

A MOPAC COSMO result file can be created in almost the same way as an ADF COSMO result file. In this step we will skip the first steps of creating the water molecule. We will change the program from ADF to MOPAC, and select the COSMO solvation method.

Select ADF → Mopac

Select Model → Solvation

Tick the Use COSMO checkbox

Select CRS from the Solvent dropdown menu

For sake of clarity we will save the COSMO calculation under a different name, and run the calculation

Select the ‘Save As...’ command from the ‘File’ menu

In the file select box, choose ‘water_mopac’ as name for your file and click ‘Save’

Select File → Run

Wait until the optimization is ready (should take very little time)

Click ‘Yes’ in the pop-up to read the coordinates from a .rkf file.

After the calculation has finished the file water_mopac.results/mopac.coskf, which is a MOPAC COSMO result file, can be used as input for a COSMO-RS calculation.

Note that MOPAC is a semi-empirical quantum chemistry program, whereas ADF is based on density functional theory (DFT). Thus the MOPAC COSMO result files will not be of the same quality as the ADF COSMO result files.

Step 7: Fast Sigma: QSPR COSMO result file¶

A QSPR (Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship) estimated COSMO result file (in fact a COSMO-RS sigma-profile) can be created without doing a quantum mechanical calculation. This very fast QSPR method, which is called Fast Sigma, can provide estimates of COSMO-RS sigma profiles in milliseconds. This allows for a drastically expedited search through candidate molecular structures as compared to the full-fledged COSMO-RS strategy, which needs QM calculations that will take much longer. Input required is a SMILES string or a compound on a .xyz file. Here we will use as compound Ibuprofen, which has SMILES string “CC(Cc1ccc(cc1)[C@@H](C(=O)O)C)C”. Note: one shoud not use quotation marks (”) or empty spaces around the SMILES string.

Select the SCM → COSMO-RS menu command.

Select Compounds → List of Compounds

Enter CC(Cc1ccc(cc1)[C@@H](C(=O)O)C)C for

Add Compound using QSPR (Fast Sigma) → SMILES

Select the Add button at the right of the SMILES string

In the pop-up in the file select box, choose a name for your file (for example ‘ibuprofen’)

In the right part of the COSMO-RS GUI window one should see something like:

Fast Sigma does not create a COSMO surface, but creates a so called sigma-profile, which can be used in COSMO-RS calculations. The parameters in Fast Sigma are fitted to COSMO-RS sigma-profiles of organic closed shell neutral molecules. The created sigma-profile can not be used in COSMO-SAC calculations. The created file contains a SMILES string, thus it can be used in UNIFAC calculations. Not recommended to be used for radicals or charged molecules.

One can visualize the molecule in 2D (a .html file wil be created) with

Press ‘Show 2D’ at the top of the right window

In the pop-up in the file select box, choose a name for your html file (for example ‘ibuprofen’)

Openbabel is used to translate the SMILES string into a picture.